Cubism emerged around 1907 in Paris as a response to the rigid conventions of representational art. Picasso and Braque, inspired by African and Iberian art, sought to break free from the constraints of realistic depiction.Analytical and Synthetic Phases: Cubism is often divided into two phases: the analytical phase, marked by deconstruction and fragmentation of forms, and the synthetic phase, where artists incorporated real-world elements in abstract compositions.Key Characteristics: Cubist works feature geometric shapes, muted colors, and a departure from traditional perspective. Artists aimed to depict the essence of the subject rather than its literal appearance, encouraging viewers to engage with the artwork in a more active and interpretive manner.Influence on Other Art Forms: Cubism’s influence extended beyond painting to sculpture, literature, and even music. The movement’s emphasis on abstraction and unconventional perspectives inspired artists across disciplines to explore new ways of expression.Legacy and Impact: Cubism laid the groundwork for subsequent modern art movements, influencing Surrealism, Constructivism, and even aspects of abstract expressionism. Its impact continues to resonate in contemporary art, emphasizing the importance of breaking conventions and pushing artistic boundaries.Notable Artists: Apart from Picasso and Braque, Juan Gris, Fernand Léger, and Robert Delaunay made significant contributions to Cubism. Each artist brought a unique perspective, contributing to the movement’s diversity and evolution.Controversies and Criticisms: Cubism faced initial resistance and criticism for its departure from traditional artistic norms. Some viewed it as too abstract or difficult to comprehend, but over time, its innovative approach garnered appreciation and recognition.In summary, Cubism remains a pivotal movement in the history of art, challenging preconceptions and opening doors to a new era of creative exploration.